2018 Vol. 33, No. 6
Display Method:
2018, 33(6): 551-555.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.06.001
Abstract:
This study aimed to prepare and characterize monoclonal antibody (MAb) against avian Tembusu virus. BALB/c mice were immunized with the antigen of purified avian Tembusu virus, and then two MAbs named as 2F6 and 4E11 were selected. The two MAbs, with the titers of up to 1:64, 000, were reacted with Vero cells infected with avian Tembusu virus. The Western blot analysis showed that both MAbs 2F6 and 4E11 were able to react with fusion envolope protein by prokaryotic expression, indicating that the two MAbs recognized the envelope protein. The prepared MAbs could be used to further explore the molecular epidemiology and development of new diagnostic methods for avian Tembusu virus infection.
This study aimed to prepare and characterize monoclonal antibody (MAb) against avian Tembusu virus. BALB/c mice were immunized with the antigen of purified avian Tembusu virus, and then two MAbs named as 2F6 and 4E11 were selected. The two MAbs, with the titers of up to 1:64, 000, were reacted with Vero cells infected with avian Tembusu virus. The Western blot analysis showed that both MAbs 2F6 and 4E11 were able to react with fusion envolope protein by prokaryotic expression, indicating that the two MAbs recognized the envelope protein. The prepared MAbs could be used to further explore the molecular epidemiology and development of new diagnostic methods for avian Tembusu virus infection.
2018, 33(6): 556-560.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.06.002
Abstract:
Factors affecting the emulsion stability of the inactivated type 2 porcine circovirus vaccine were investigated. The pH, speed and time applied in the emulsification process were varied to compare the stability of the emulsion in the aspects of viscosity, particle size and storage temperature. The results showed that the emulsion was most stable at pH 7.0-7.5 with high shear and short mixing time. Within a limit, prolonged shearing would increase the stability but also raised the viscosity of the resulting emulsion. It was concluded that the optimal conditions to emulsify the vaccine were pH 7.0-7.5 at 19 000 r·min-1 for 8 min.It was recommended to keep the pH of antigen at 7.0-7.5 in the production of porcine circovirus vaccine, and determine the speed and time of emulsification according to different equipment to keep the vaccine stable.
Factors affecting the emulsion stability of the inactivated type 2 porcine circovirus vaccine were investigated. The pH, speed and time applied in the emulsification process were varied to compare the stability of the emulsion in the aspects of viscosity, particle size and storage temperature. The results showed that the emulsion was most stable at pH 7.0-7.5 with high shear and short mixing time. Within a limit, prolonged shearing would increase the stability but also raised the viscosity of the resulting emulsion. It was concluded that the optimal conditions to emulsify the vaccine were pH 7.0-7.5 at 19 000 r·min-1 for 8 min.It was recommended to keep the pH of antigen at 7.0-7.5 in the production of porcine circovirus vaccine, and determine the speed and time of emulsification according to different equipment to keep the vaccine stable.
2018, 33(6): 561-565.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.06.003
Abstract:
Drinking cold water in winter is detrimental to the growth and development of post-weaning piglets.Thus, a system providing the piglets with warm drinking water at 26℃(ranging 24.5-26.6℃) in a scale-up swine farm was installed for the study. Changes on the growth and immunity of the piglets were monitored. The results indicated that the total bacteria and Escherichia coli counts in the warm drinking water for the treatment were significantly lower than those in the cold water for control. The average daily weight gain of the piglets in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of control by 4.15% (P < 0.01). The daily feed intake of the treatment piglets was significantly higher than that of control by 7.76%(P < 0.05). Whereas, the incidents of diarrhea in the treatment piglets were merely 43% of that incontrol group. There were no significant differences observed on the levels of IgG, IgM, IgA, porcine circovirus and classical swine fever virus antibodiesin the piglets between the treatment group and control (P>0.05). It appeared that the consumption of warm drinking water in cold weather could significantly improve the growth, without negatively affecting the immunology, of the post-weaning piglets.
Drinking cold water in winter is detrimental to the growth and development of post-weaning piglets.Thus, a system providing the piglets with warm drinking water at 26℃(ranging 24.5-26.6℃) in a scale-up swine farm was installed for the study. Changes on the growth and immunity of the piglets were monitored. The results indicated that the total bacteria and Escherichia coli counts in the warm drinking water for the treatment were significantly lower than those in the cold water for control. The average daily weight gain of the piglets in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of control by 4.15% (P < 0.01). The daily feed intake of the treatment piglets was significantly higher than that of control by 7.76%(P < 0.05). Whereas, the incidents of diarrhea in the treatment piglets were merely 43% of that incontrol group. There were no significant differences observed on the levels of IgG, IgM, IgA, porcine circovirus and classical swine fever virus antibodiesin the piglets between the treatment group and control (P>0.05). It appeared that the consumption of warm drinking water in cold weather could significantly improve the growth, without negatively affecting the immunology, of the post-weaning piglets.
2018, 33(6): 566-570.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.06.004
Abstract:
Body weights of 3 to 12 months old Fuqing goats raised under 3 different methods of husbandry were measured to analyze their growth patterns with Von Bertaanffy, Gompertz and Logisticmodels. At 12-month-old, the goats in Group B(fenced-in feeding and free-range grazing) weighed more than those in Group A(fenced-in feeding) followed by those in Group C(free-range grazing) with a significant difference between Group B and Group C. The average daily weight gain and the relative growth rate declined in all groups as the goats aged. The Von Bertalanffy model best fitted the growth patterns of the goats showing the mature body masses for Group A, B and C as 33.583, 39.96 and 31.564 kg, respectively. The deflection points on the curve for the age of Group A, B and C goats were 3.24, 4.19 and 2.95 month, respectively; while those for the body weight, 9.95, 11.84 and 9.35 kg, respectively. The results demonstrated the housing system, fenced-in feeding and free-range grazing, was suitable for the fatten product of Fuqing goats.
Body weights of 3 to 12 months old Fuqing goats raised under 3 different methods of husbandry were measured to analyze their growth patterns with Von Bertaanffy, Gompertz and Logisticmodels. At 12-month-old, the goats in Group B(fenced-in feeding and free-range grazing) weighed more than those in Group A(fenced-in feeding) followed by those in Group C(free-range grazing) with a significant difference between Group B and Group C. The average daily weight gain and the relative growth rate declined in all groups as the goats aged. The Von Bertalanffy model best fitted the growth patterns of the goats showing the mature body masses for Group A, B and C as 33.583, 39.96 and 31.564 kg, respectively. The deflection points on the curve for the age of Group A, B and C goats were 3.24, 4.19 and 2.95 month, respectively; while those for the body weight, 9.95, 11.84 and 9.35 kg, respectively. The results demonstrated the housing system, fenced-in feeding and free-range grazing, was suitable for the fatten product of Fuqing goats.
2018, 33(6): 571-574.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.06.005
Abstract:
Morphological changes on the filaments and lamella on gills of Maccullochella peelii infected by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis were observed under a scanning electron microscope. The invaded I.multifiliis could be found beneath the flat epithelial cells, on surface of the filaments, as well as in between the lamella of the gills. After being infected with the disease, the filaments and lamella on the gills began to swell and deform, the ossicles on the filaments became exposed and deformed, the lamella thickened, gaps narrowed, apical hyperemia enlarged with blood-filled spherical or rod-shaped tips, and the cellular mucous and chloride cell secretion increased.
Morphological changes on the filaments and lamella on gills of Maccullochella peelii infected by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis were observed under a scanning electron microscope. The invaded I.multifiliis could be found beneath the flat epithelial cells, on surface of the filaments, as well as in between the lamella of the gills. After being infected with the disease, the filaments and lamella on the gills began to swell and deform, the ossicles on the filaments became exposed and deformed, the lamella thickened, gaps narrowed, apical hyperemia enlarged with blood-filled spherical or rod-shaped tips, and the cellular mucous and chloride cell secretion increased.
2018, 33(6): 575-580.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.06.006
Abstract:
With the successful launching of high-resolution satellites of the China High-Resolution Earth Observation System, the remote sensing images obtained will be increasingly applied for information gathering on crop planting. At present, limited studies were conducted on crop classification and yield estimation using the GF-1 satellite images based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI). The NDVI transmissions tended to be over-crowded and low in resolution for the southern part of China due to the high vegetation growth in the areas.The proposed method utilized the improved Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI) time series of GF-1 Wide Field View (WFV) images to overcome the deficiency. Lezhi county in Sichuan province was chosen for our testing.The GF-1/WFV images encompassing the entire rice growth period were acquired to construct the EVI time series.The characteristic EVI curves were obtained for the rice crops covering different growth stages. The Harmonic Analysis of Time Series(HANTS) method was adopted to smooth the EVI time series and maximally reduce the noise to enable reliable reflection of the dynamic changing patterns of rice and other crops or non-crop objects. Thereby, with the aid of the decision tree model, the rice planting area and other relevant information could be extracted. Comparing the results with what was obtained by the geographical conditions monitoring during a same time frame, the current method was considered accurate and precise. The GF-1/WFV images were particularly superior to the moderate or low resolution satellite images for gathering information on rice planting area in the regions where rice fields are scattered widely. The GF-1 technology was believed to represent a significant potential for applications in the field of agricultural remote sensing.
With the successful launching of high-resolution satellites of the China High-Resolution Earth Observation System, the remote sensing images obtained will be increasingly applied for information gathering on crop planting. At present, limited studies were conducted on crop classification and yield estimation using the GF-1 satellite images based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI). The NDVI transmissions tended to be over-crowded and low in resolution for the southern part of China due to the high vegetation growth in the areas.The proposed method utilized the improved Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI) time series of GF-1 Wide Field View (WFV) images to overcome the deficiency. Lezhi county in Sichuan province was chosen for our testing.The GF-1/WFV images encompassing the entire rice growth period were acquired to construct the EVI time series.The characteristic EVI curves were obtained for the rice crops covering different growth stages. The Harmonic Analysis of Time Series(HANTS) method was adopted to smooth the EVI time series and maximally reduce the noise to enable reliable reflection of the dynamic changing patterns of rice and other crops or non-crop objects. Thereby, with the aid of the decision tree model, the rice planting area and other relevant information could be extracted. Comparing the results with what was obtained by the geographical conditions monitoring during a same time frame, the current method was considered accurate and precise. The GF-1/WFV images were particularly superior to the moderate or low resolution satellite images for gathering information on rice planting area in the regions where rice fields are scattered widely. The GF-1 technology was believed to represent a significant potential for applications in the field of agricultural remote sensing.
2018, 33(6): 587-590.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.06.008
Abstract:
A new variety of soybean, Xinghuadou NO.1, for green podswas bred by crossing Zhe 98002 and Zhe 88005-7 with pedigree selection. In 2016 and 2017 Fujian Provincial Regional Trials, the new cultivars exhibited the desirable traits, such as steady high-yield and broad adaptability. The 2-year average fresh podyield of the plants in the trials was 11 173.65 kg·hm-2, and that on standard pods, 8 654.7 kg·hm-2. It wasapproved and released by the Fujian Provincial Committee of Crop Variety Identification in April 2018, and considered suitable for spring cultivation in the province.
A new variety of soybean, Xinghuadou NO.1, for green podswas bred by crossing Zhe 98002 and Zhe 88005-7 with pedigree selection. In 2016 and 2017 Fujian Provincial Regional Trials, the new cultivars exhibited the desirable traits, such as steady high-yield and broad adaptability. The 2-year average fresh podyield of the plants in the trials was 11 173.65 kg·hm-2, and that on standard pods, 8 654.7 kg·hm-2. It wasapproved and released by the Fujian Provincial Committee of Crop Variety Identification in April 2018, and considered suitable for spring cultivation in the province.
2018, 33(6): 591-596.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.06.009
Abstract:
The breeding process and main characteristics of the high-yield, high-quality and multi-resistance sweet corn variety, Mintian 683, are described. The new cultivar was bredby crossing Mintianxi 688 and Mintianxi J-3 to suit for cultivation underthe climatic and ecological conditions in Fujian. The averaged production yield of the crop in the 2014 and 2015 provincial regional trials was 15 330.9 kg·hm-2, i.e., 5.67% higher than that of CK (Yuetian16). In the 2016 production test in Fujian, the yield was 15 692.7 kg·hm-2, i.e., 2.56% higher than that of CK. Moreover, in the field tests, Mintian 683 showed strong lodging resistance, good or high disease resistance, as well as a quality scoreequivalent toand the contents of soluble and reducing sugarshigher than those of CK. It was certified by the Fujian Crop Variety Approval Committee in April 2017.
The breeding process and main characteristics of the high-yield, high-quality and multi-resistance sweet corn variety, Mintian 683, are described. The new cultivar was bredby crossing Mintianxi 688 and Mintianxi J-3 to suit for cultivation underthe climatic and ecological conditions in Fujian. The averaged production yield of the crop in the 2014 and 2015 provincial regional trials was 15 330.9 kg·hm-2, i.e., 5.67% higher than that of CK (Yuetian16). In the 2016 production test in Fujian, the yield was 15 692.7 kg·hm-2, i.e., 2.56% higher than that of CK. Moreover, in the field tests, Mintian 683 showed strong lodging resistance, good or high disease resistance, as well as a quality scoreequivalent toand the contents of soluble and reducing sugarshigher than those of CK. It was certified by the Fujian Crop Variety Approval Committee in April 2017.
2018, 33(6): 597-603.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.06.010
Abstract:
The protocorms and in vitro plantlets of Dendrobium huoshanense were used in this study.Effects of various plant growth regulators on the protocorm proliferation, as well as, those of differently formulated media with additions of potato powder, active carbon and/or IBA on the plantletgrowth and rooting were evaluated. It was found that the in vitro culture, which best enhanced the protocorm proliferation, applied 1/2MS supplemented with 2, 4-D 0.2 mg·L-1, 6-BA 0.2 mg·L-1 and KT 0.4 mg·L-1, with 6-BA being the most important factor among the growth regulators tested. For strong growth with robust rooting of the plantlets, the determining factor was active carbon in a medium containing 1/2MS, potato powder 1.25 g·L-1, active carbon 0.5 g·L-1, and IBA 0.4 mg·L-1.
The protocorms and in vitro plantlets of Dendrobium huoshanense were used in this study.Effects of various plant growth regulators on the protocorm proliferation, as well as, those of differently formulated media with additions of potato powder, active carbon and/or IBA on the plantletgrowth and rooting were evaluated. It was found that the in vitro culture, which best enhanced the protocorm proliferation, applied 1/2MS supplemented with 2, 4-D 0.2 mg·L-1, 6-BA 0.2 mg·L-1 and KT 0.4 mg·L-1, with 6-BA being the most important factor among the growth regulators tested. For strong growth with robust rooting of the plantlets, the determining factor was active carbon in a medium containing 1/2MS, potato powder 1.25 g·L-1, active carbon 0.5 g·L-1, and IBA 0.4 mg·L-1.
2018, 33(6): 604-607.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.06.011
Abstract:
Soluble sugars and starch are important components in soybeans. They vary according to the genetic variation of the plants, and therefore, are of interest for breeding considerations. In this study, 154 soybean germplasms were collected for determination of the contents of soluble sugars and starch in the beans using the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The genetic variation on soluble sugars was found to be 51.16%, and that on starch, 50.66%. The mean contents of soluble sugars and starch were 5.06% and 6.53%, respectively. Based on the difference in phenotype, 8 germplasms were identified to have a soluble sugar content higher than 10%, and 12, a starch content greater than 12%.
Soluble sugars and starch are important components in soybeans. They vary according to the genetic variation of the plants, and therefore, are of interest for breeding considerations. In this study, 154 soybean germplasms were collected for determination of the contents of soluble sugars and starch in the beans using the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The genetic variation on soluble sugars was found to be 51.16%, and that on starch, 50.66%. The mean contents of soluble sugars and starch were 5.06% and 6.53%, respectively. Based on the difference in phenotype, 8 germplasms were identified to have a soluble sugar content higher than 10%, and 12, a starch content greater than 12%.
2018, 33(6): 581-586.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.06.007
Abstract:
To establish an information basis for breeding newhigh-quality, high-yieldcultivars for the agriculture in the coastal area of Jiangsu province, 14 agronomic characteristics and yields of 15 sweet sorghum varieties(lines) were subjected to the grey relativity analysis. The results showed that the agronomic characteristicsmost closely related to theweight of fresh matters were stem juice rate, plant height, growth period, and stem diameter. And, the incidence of head smut disease after vaccination highly correlated to the stem diameter, tiller number, tilt angle, broken stalk percentage, and length of grain ear. Hence, in breeding new varieties of sweet sorghum, the agronomic traits of stem juice rate, plant height, growth period and stem diameter, as well as the head smut vaccination efficacy, should bethe primary criteria forevaluation.
To establish an information basis for breeding newhigh-quality, high-yieldcultivars for the agriculture in the coastal area of Jiangsu province, 14 agronomic characteristics and yields of 15 sweet sorghum varieties(lines) were subjected to the grey relativity analysis. The results showed that the agronomic characteristicsmost closely related to theweight of fresh matters were stem juice rate, plant height, growth period, and stem diameter. And, the incidence of head smut disease after vaccination highly correlated to the stem diameter, tiller number, tilt angle, broken stalk percentage, and length of grain ear. Hence, in breeding new varieties of sweet sorghum, the agronomic traits of stem juice rate, plant height, growth period and stem diameter, as well as the head smut vaccination efficacy, should bethe primary criteria forevaluation.
2018, 33(6): 608-613.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.06.012
Abstract:
The full-length cDNAs of phytoene desaturase (PDS) from peaches was isolatedby gene cloning, and named as PpPDS. It was 2 056 bp in length and encoded a predicted protein of 573 amino acids (ORF length at 1 722 bp). A phylogenetic analysis indicated that PpPDS closely resembled the PDSs from Prunus armeniaca and Fragaria×ananassa. The deduced amino acid sequence suggested that PpPDS protein contained dinucleotide binding motifs, NAD (H), NADP (H) or FAD (H), which belonged to the NAD(P)-binding rossmann-like conserved domain. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that PpPDS gene was generally expressed higher in mesocarp than exocarp in fruits of Jinli yellow peach at different maturity stages. After the peach stone hardened, the gene expression increased significantly, then leveled off at the peak. The information would be useful for further studies on the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in peaches.
The full-length cDNAs of phytoene desaturase (PDS) from peaches was isolatedby gene cloning, and named as PpPDS. It was 2 056 bp in length and encoded a predicted protein of 573 amino acids (ORF length at 1 722 bp). A phylogenetic analysis indicated that PpPDS closely resembled the PDSs from Prunus armeniaca and Fragaria×ananassa. The deduced amino acid sequence suggested that PpPDS protein contained dinucleotide binding motifs, NAD (H), NADP (H) or FAD (H), which belonged to the NAD(P)-binding rossmann-like conserved domain. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that PpPDS gene was generally expressed higher in mesocarp than exocarp in fruits of Jinli yellow peach at different maturity stages. After the peach stone hardened, the gene expression increased significantly, then leveled off at the peak. The information would be useful for further studies on the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in peaches.
2018, 33(6): 614-620.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.06.013
Abstract:
Potted 3-year-old saplings of Camellia nitidissima Chi were grown under drought stress to monitor the physiological responses of the plants. The results showed that (1)mild drought could lower the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), but a relative water content in soil as low as 20% would not irreversibly damage the photosynthetic function of a 3-year-old C. nitidissima; (2) under a mild or moderate drought condition, the leaf relative water content (LRWC) of the saplings would decline slightly, while the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyll (chl)and soluble sugars (SS) as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) would not differ significantly from those of CK; (3) under moderate stress, the peroxidase (POD) activity, carotenoid (Car) content after 15 d of exposure, proline (Pro) at beginning, andsoluble protein (SP) after 15 d were all significantly elevated as compared to CK; and under severe drought, all physiological indicators except Car content were altered significantly. It appeared that mild or moderate drought (when the soil relative water content was reduced to 65% or 40%) indeed affected the physiology of the saplings, but only severe drought (when the soil relative water content became as low as 20%-25%) would permanently change it. Therefore, whenever the water level in soilwas below 25%, appropriate water management and timelywatering could sufficiently avert any serious damages that might incur to the saplings by draught.
Potted 3-year-old saplings of Camellia nitidissima Chi were grown under drought stress to monitor the physiological responses of the plants. The results showed that (1)mild drought could lower the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), but a relative water content in soil as low as 20% would not irreversibly damage the photosynthetic function of a 3-year-old C. nitidissima; (2) under a mild or moderate drought condition, the leaf relative water content (LRWC) of the saplings would decline slightly, while the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyll (chl)and soluble sugars (SS) as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) would not differ significantly from those of CK; (3) under moderate stress, the peroxidase (POD) activity, carotenoid (Car) content after 15 d of exposure, proline (Pro) at beginning, andsoluble protein (SP) after 15 d were all significantly elevated as compared to CK; and under severe drought, all physiological indicators except Car content were altered significantly. It appeared that mild or moderate drought (when the soil relative water content was reduced to 65% or 40%) indeed affected the physiology of the saplings, but only severe drought (when the soil relative water content became as low as 20%-25%) would permanently change it. Therefore, whenever the water level in soilwas below 25%, appropriate water management and timelywatering could sufficiently avert any serious damages that might incur to the saplings by draught.
2018, 33(6): 621-625.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.06.014
Abstract:
Three Zizyphus mauritiana cultivars' (Cuimi, Gaolang No.1 and Taomi) fruit texture at different maturity have be determined using texture analyser, and the differences in fruit texture among three cultivars and different maturity have been analyzed to reveal the changing rules of the fruit texture of Zizyphus mauritiana. The results showed that:pericarp break force was significant positive correlation with pericarp brittleness and pericarp toughness, positive correlation with flesh firmness, Flesh firmness was significant negative correlation with fruit adhesiveness and resilience. From 70% to fully maturity period, pericarp break force, pericarp brittleness and flesh firmness gradually decreased, fruit adhesiveness and resilience of three cultivars have different trends. In fully maturity period, Taomi has the highest pericarp break force and pericarp brittleness, Gaolang No.1 has the highest flesh firmness, Cuimi has the highest fruit adhesiveness and resilience. There was no significant difference of the pericarp brittleness among three cultivars.
Three Zizyphus mauritiana cultivars' (Cuimi, Gaolang No.1 and Taomi) fruit texture at different maturity have be determined using texture analyser, and the differences in fruit texture among three cultivars and different maturity have been analyzed to reveal the changing rules of the fruit texture of Zizyphus mauritiana. The results showed that:pericarp break force was significant positive correlation with pericarp brittleness and pericarp toughness, positive correlation with flesh firmness, Flesh firmness was significant negative correlation with fruit adhesiveness and resilience. From 70% to fully maturity period, pericarp break force, pericarp brittleness and flesh firmness gradually decreased, fruit adhesiveness and resilience of three cultivars have different trends. In fully maturity period, Taomi has the highest pericarp break force and pericarp brittleness, Gaolang No.1 has the highest flesh firmness, Cuimi has the highest fruit adhesiveness and resilience. There was no significant difference of the pericarp brittleness among three cultivars.
2018, 33(6): 626-630.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.06.015
Abstract:
Molecular characteristics of the sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) in Fujian province were studied. Specific segments of the genome were recovered, cloned and sequenced using selected primers. A sequence analysis positively confirmed the segments to be a part of SPLCV. Then, the full-length SPLCV was constructed with a pair of primers Q, and sequenced. The previously reported general purpose primers, PCRc1/PBLlv, for DNA-B were used for the subsequent amplification. The genome of SPLCV was found to be 2 827 bp containing 6 ORFs with DNA-A but not DNA-B (GenBank accession number:KT202303). The nucleotide homology between the isolated genome and the reported 6 other geminiviridae genomes was less than 85%;and, between it and SPLCV was the highest at 95.94%. In addition, the isolate shared a close genetic relationship with other isolates from Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, South Korea, and the United States belonging to a same subgroup but in different branches.
Molecular characteristics of the sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) in Fujian province were studied. Specific segments of the genome were recovered, cloned and sequenced using selected primers. A sequence analysis positively confirmed the segments to be a part of SPLCV. Then, the full-length SPLCV was constructed with a pair of primers Q, and sequenced. The previously reported general purpose primers, PCRc1/PBLlv, for DNA-B were used for the subsequent amplification. The genome of SPLCV was found to be 2 827 bp containing 6 ORFs with DNA-A but not DNA-B (GenBank accession number:KT202303). The nucleotide homology between the isolated genome and the reported 6 other geminiviridae genomes was less than 85%;and, between it and SPLCV was the highest at 95.94%. In addition, the isolate shared a close genetic relationship with other isolates from Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, South Korea, and the United States belonging to a same subgroup but in different branches.
2018, 33(6): 631-637.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.06.016
Abstract:
To overcome the texture softening of thermally processed kelp products, salted kelp was treated with CaCl2 solution by a single factor test and further optimized by a response surface experiment. The conditions that affected the textual quality were found to be in the order of:blanching time>blanching temperature > CaCl2concentration. The temperature and time applied in blanching had significant effects on texture of the processed kelp (P < 0.05). Kelps blanched in a CaCl2 1.54 g·L-1 water solution at 88.0℃ for 4 min and 40 s could yield a crispy and yet tender product with a high composite texture index of 86.11±0.02.
To overcome the texture softening of thermally processed kelp products, salted kelp was treated with CaCl2 solution by a single factor test and further optimized by a response surface experiment. The conditions that affected the textual quality were found to be in the order of:blanching time>blanching temperature > CaCl2concentration. The temperature and time applied in blanching had significant effects on texture of the processed kelp (P < 0.05). Kelps blanched in a CaCl2 1.54 g·L-1 water solution at 88.0℃ for 4 min and 40 s could yield a crispy and yet tender product with a high composite texture index of 86.11±0.02.
2018, 33(6): 638-643.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.06.017
Abstract:
Saffron was used as the redox reaction indicatorin the rapid determination of the antioxidant activity of the fermentation broth of Agrocybe chaxinguHuang. Fenton reaction was modified for the methodology development by comparing the effect of safranin usage, sample volume, pH, and vitamin C on the light absorbance measured on a spectrophotometer. The optimized conditions included pH 7.0-7.5 with an increased volume on the 520 μg·mL-1safranin solution from 0.5 mL to 2.0 mL anda much-reduced usage on the sample solution from 7.0 mL to 0.5 mL. The absorbance reading remained constant within 30 min. Under the conditions, vitamin C was applied as a standard hydroxyl radical scavenger to evaluate the antioxidant activity of A. chaxingu broth. The results showed that the hydroxyl radical-scavenging ability of the A. chaxingu intracellular metabolites was 48.62%-65.43% (equivalent to vitamin C 72.62-90.22 mmol·L-1), and that of the extracellular metabolites, 57.59%-72.82% (equivalent to vitamin C 82.02-97.96 mmol·L-1). The newly established rapid determination method was, thus, confirmed for its validity. In addition, there were no toxic reagentsapplied in the testing that would cause any safety concerns.
Saffron was used as the redox reaction indicatorin the rapid determination of the antioxidant activity of the fermentation broth of Agrocybe chaxinguHuang. Fenton reaction was modified for the methodology development by comparing the effect of safranin usage, sample volume, pH, and vitamin C on the light absorbance measured on a spectrophotometer. The optimized conditions included pH 7.0-7.5 with an increased volume on the 520 μg·mL-1safranin solution from 0.5 mL to 2.0 mL anda much-reduced usage on the sample solution from 7.0 mL to 0.5 mL. The absorbance reading remained constant within 30 min. Under the conditions, vitamin C was applied as a standard hydroxyl radical scavenger to evaluate the antioxidant activity of A. chaxingu broth. The results showed that the hydroxyl radical-scavenging ability of the A. chaxingu intracellular metabolites was 48.62%-65.43% (equivalent to vitamin C 72.62-90.22 mmol·L-1), and that of the extracellular metabolites, 57.59%-72.82% (equivalent to vitamin C 82.02-97.96 mmol·L-1). The newly established rapid determination method was, thus, confirmed for its validity. In addition, there were no toxic reagentsapplied in the testing that would cause any safety concerns.
2018, 33(6): 644-648.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.06.018
Abstract:
To improve the quality and shelf life of fungus chaff for silage, the microbiota and the effect of the addition of a fermented red elephant grass juice (FREGJ) were studied. Fungus chaff leftover from mushroom cultivation was incorporated with 2% FREGJ or distilled water (CK), vacuum packed in pouches with 5 replicates, and stored at room temperature for 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days prior to testing. The 7 genera richly existed in the chaff-FREGJ mixture were dominated by Lactococcus genera, accounting for about 70% of the total microbial count, of which 75% were Leuconostoe mesenteroides. Quality of the fungus chaff was significantly improved by the addition of FREGJ with 15 d of fermentation (P < 0.05). However, after 30 d, undesirable microbes and harmful products significantly increased that could cause spoilage and shortened shelf life of the silage(P < 0.05).
To improve the quality and shelf life of fungus chaff for silage, the microbiota and the effect of the addition of a fermented red elephant grass juice (FREGJ) were studied. Fungus chaff leftover from mushroom cultivation was incorporated with 2% FREGJ or distilled water (CK), vacuum packed in pouches with 5 replicates, and stored at room temperature for 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days prior to testing. The 7 genera richly existed in the chaff-FREGJ mixture were dominated by Lactococcus genera, accounting for about 70% of the total microbial count, of which 75% were Leuconostoe mesenteroides. Quality of the fungus chaff was significantly improved by the addition of FREGJ with 15 d of fermentation (P < 0.05). However, after 30 d, undesirable microbes and harmful products significantly increased that could cause spoilage and shortened shelf life of the silage(P < 0.05).
2018, 33(6): 649-654.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.06.019
Abstract:
A microwave-assisted processes to extract flavonoids from Abelmoschus esculentus was optimized by a single factor and orthogonal experiment. By using 70% ethanol as the solvent, A. esculentus in a solid-liquid ratio of 1:40 (g·mL-1)was extracted at 70℃ for 40 minutes. The yield of flavonoids was 2.78% with a relative standard deviation of 0.635%. The resulting extract was tested for its antioxidant activity by means of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capabilities to show IC50at 1.21 mg·mL-1 and 1.06 mg·mL-1, respectively. It appeared that the current method could render a high yield on flavonoids that showed a substantial antioxidative activity.
A microwave-assisted processes to extract flavonoids from Abelmoschus esculentus was optimized by a single factor and orthogonal experiment. By using 70% ethanol as the solvent, A. esculentus in a solid-liquid ratio of 1:40 (g·mL-1)was extracted at 70℃ for 40 minutes. The yield of flavonoids was 2.78% with a relative standard deviation of 0.635%. The resulting extract was tested for its antioxidant activity by means of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capabilities to show IC50at 1.21 mg·mL-1 and 1.06 mg·mL-1, respectively. It appeared that the current method could render a high yield on flavonoids that showed a substantial antioxidative activity.
